That Africans continue to require visas for the most part to enter other African countries is one of the most profound contradictions to the continent’s aspirations on regional integration. In this ninth edition of the AVOI, the AfDB and the African Union Commission (AUC) join hands to present what is a mixed set of findings. On the one hand, some countries have made progress, and on the other, regression in rankings is observed. The situation and performance of countries within the AU-recognised regional economic communities (RECs) are assessed. A unique feature of this report is the investigation of the question of electronic travel authorisations (ETAs) which, notwithstanding intent, resemble features of a visa. The report also updates on emerging opportunities for mobility in the AfCFTA and reflects on the status of the Protocol on the Free Movement of Persons (PFMP).
One thing is clear – Africa will not meet its development aspirations in the absence of regimes that promote mobility across the continent. Think of tourism. There is no single country that does not want to reap the dividends of tourism – given the continent’s abundance of some of the most historic attractions. And yet, visa restrictions make it difficult for Africans to contribute to each other’s tourism revenues. Or industrialisation, as the continent looks to build the production houses to benefit from the AfCFTA, it is imperative that people can move – not only to bring skills into managing such operations but also to take advantage of the jobs that will be created. It follows therefore that creation of conditions easing movement of Africans across Africa is in the continent’s enlightened self-interest.
While some progress has been made since the inaugural edition of the AVOI, we are far from where we need to be. The good news is there is a solid base to build from. Many of Africa’s RECs have significant advancements in a rights-based approach to movement: the right to enter, reside and establish. This is something that should inspire us to know that it is possible – and it can work. It is also noteworthy that Africans are moving. Research shows that more Africans leave their countries for another African country, than they do leave the continent. This makes it more urgent to get solutions that work – that are safer and that are orderly.
I am confident that with the right mobilisation of advocacy for visa-free movement, better results can be achieved. This report is a contribution in that direction.
Dr. Joy Kategekwa Director Regional Integration Coordination Office African Development Bank Group
